My personal experience with the Chinese students at my University is that those students are adapting really fast.
Yesterday was the start of the new semester and over the next few weeks you can clearly see the "new guys" out of the group changing. It starts with loosening up in public (which is probably just normal after being in a completely different country) and then you see a change in clothes, food and... politeness.
At the beginning they are like overly polite that it's even uncomfortable for my co-workers and me but let them be here for a month and they actually become quite the opposite. Not every single one of them, of course, but the majority starts to act rather rude by "our" standards. Being loud, spitting on the floor, throwing garbage on the ground and being impolite in conversations... that is personal observation by co-workers, Professors and me.
Another thing I noticed is the lack of creativity. The goal of the studies I did/do is that you learn and understand things to a certain depth that you can freely use those tools in a creative way to solve certain "challenges" (I never use the term "problem" connected with my work - there are no "problems", only challenges with different difficulty
).
They have really good grades when the exams are just testing "knowledge".
If the test isn't just about repeating what is written in a script or book, I'd say 90% of them fail at the exam questions where you actually have to use that knowledge to come up with a solution.
A personal note: What I really don't understand is their lack of language. Personally, if would study in a foreign country, I would want to learn the local language and use English just to help out. Our Chinese students neither speak English nor German properly, at least the big majority doesn't. Unfortunately most of them stick to each other and barely have any contacts outside their Chinese community which is a pity.
How is their impact on "our" culture? I haven't noticed any... yet. And I don't think we will for quite a while. Cultures grow over hundreds of years and are "taught" from birth on. That isn't something that happens in a few years.
Some may argue that European culture is deeply influenced by the American culture, why shouldn't it happen with the Asian/Chinese one too?
I think there is just too big of a difference between those to have a big impact on each other. The more interesting question would be if the Asian/Chinese culture will be influenced by the American culture and to which degree?
I remember reading an article about McDonald's and with a paragraph about them opening the first shop in Moscow. For days there were hundreds of people waiting outside all day in 3 rows just to buy a burger... wonder how it went with the first McDonald's being opened in China. Nothing about that in the article...