religion of peace followers spreading love at brussels airport

[Grytviken]

Good list. Here are the muslims;

Astronomers

(click to show/hide)

Sind ibn Ali
    Ali Qushji
    Ahmad Khani
    Ibrahim al-Fazari
    Muhammad al-Fazari
    Al-Khwarizmi, Mathematician
    Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)
    Al-Farghani
    Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa)
    Dīnawarī
    Al-Majriti
    Al-Battani  (Albatenius)
    Al-Farabi  (Abunaser)
    Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi
    Abu Sa'id Gorgani
    Kushyar ibn Labban
    Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin
    Al-Mahani
    Al-Marwazi
    Al-Nayrizi
    Al-Saghani
    Al-Farghani
    Abu Nasr Mansur
    Abū Sahl al-Qūhī  (Kuhi)
    Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
    Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī
    Ibn Yunus
    Ibn al-Haytham  (Alhacen)
    Bīrūnī
    Avicenna  (Ibn Sīnā)
    Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī  (Arzachel)
    Omar Khayyám
    Al-Khazini
    Ibn Bajjah  (Avempace)
    Ibn Tufail  (Abubacer)
    Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi (Alpetragius)
    Averroes
    Al-Jazari
    Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī
    Anvari
    Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
    Nasir al-Din Tusi
    Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
    Ibn al-Shatir
    Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī
    Jamshīd al-Kāshī
    Ulugh Beg
    Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
    Ahmad Nahavandi
    Haly Abenragel
    Abolfadl Harawi
    Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi

Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists

(click to show/hide)

Ibn Sirin, author of work on dreams and dream interpretation
Al-Kindi (Alkindus), pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy
Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology
Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi, pioneer of mental health, medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine
Al-Farabi (Alpharabius), pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies
Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (Haly Abbas), pioneer of neuroanatomy, neurobiology and neurophysiology
Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), pioneer of neurosurgery
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, pioneer of reaction time
Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā), pioneer of neuropsychiatry, thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness
Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology
Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease
Ibn Tufail, pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture

Chemists / Alchemists

(click to show/hide)

Khalid ibn Yazid (died 704) (Calid)
Jafar al-Sadiq (702 - 765)
Jābir ibn Hayyān (721 - 815) (Geber), father of chemistry
Abbas Ibn Firnas (810 - 887) (Armen Firman)
Al-Kindi (801-873) (Alkindus)
Al-Majriti (fl. 1008 - 1007)
Ibn Miskawayh (932 - 1030)
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973 - 1048)
Avicenna (980 - 1037)
Al-Khazini (fl. 1115-1130)
Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201 - 1274)
Ibn Khaldun (1332 - 1406)
Al-Khwārizmī (780 - 850)

Geographers and earth scientists

(click to show/hide)

Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography
Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science
Ibn Al-Jazzar
Al-Tamimi
Al-Masihi
Ali ibn Ridwan
Muhammad al-Idrisi, also a cartographer
Ahmad ibn Fadlan
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, father of geodesy,considered the first geologist and "first anthropologist"
Avicenna
Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
Averroes
Ibn al-Nafis
Ibn Jubayr
Ibn Battuta
Ibn Khaldun
Piri Reis

Mathematicians

(click to show/hide)

Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar
Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī - father of algebra and algorithms
Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk
Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī (1412–1482), pioneer of symbolic algebra
Abū Kāmil Shujā ibn Aslam
Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī
Al-Kindi (Alkindus)
Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa)
Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir
Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir
Al-Mahani
Ahmed ibn Yusuf
Al-Majriti
Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī (Albatenius)
Al-Farabi (Abunaser)
Al-Khalili
Al-Nayrizi
Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin
Brethren of Purity
Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi
Al-Saghani
Abū Sahl al-Qūhī
Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī
Ibn Sahl
Al-Sijzi
Ibn Yunus
Abu Nasr Mansur
Kushyar ibn Labban
Al-Karaji
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen/Alhazen)
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi
Al-Nasawi
Al-Jayyani
Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel)
Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
Omar Khayyám
Al-Khazini
Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
Al-Ghazali (Algazel)
Al-Marrakushi
Al-Samawal
Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
Ibn Seena (Avicenna)
Hunayn ibn Ishaq
Ibn al-Banna'
Ibn al-Shatir
Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)
Jamshīd al-Kāshī
Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī
Muḥyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī
Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
Muhammad Baqir Yazdi
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī
Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī
Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī
Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
Ulugh Beg

Physicists and engineers

(click to show/hide)

Jafar al-Sadiq
Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa)
Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir
Ahmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir
Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir
Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman)
Al-Saghani
Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi)
Ibn Sahl
Ibn Yunus
Al-Karaji
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), 11th century Iraqi scientist, father of optics, and experimental physics, considered the "first scientist"
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics
Ibn Sīnā/Seena (Avicenna)
Al-Khazini
Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (Nathanel)
Ibn Rushd/Rooshd (Averroes)
Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer, father of robotics
Nasir al-Din Tusi
Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī
Ibn al-Shatir
Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf

They are all major figures and made a significant contribution to the science. We can triple that list if we just add non-major scholars. And yes, they all lived in the islamic golden age.

 The House of Wisdom which the largest Islamic center of learning at the time was modeled after the school of Nesibis (the world's first university) and the great medical academy at Gundeshapur, which were both founded by Assyrian Christians.

[DKNhz]

There's absolutely no evidence that shows that the Mid-East was more advanced than Europe before the 13th century, let alone 10x.

Wow. That's the example of dangerous extremism i was talking about few pages ago. Hate makes ppl deny the facts.
Europe was unaware %90 of the Greek and Roman works and had no idea about Persian, Indian and Chinese works until Arabs translated those into Arabic and made them accessible. All those works might have been lost without Arabs.

When searching in the Middle East and Cordoba for archaeological evidence of this luxurious "golden age" what they found was extremely disappointing and supports none of the sort, and in fact the total opposite, it seemed to be a mostly impoverished civilization. The lack of Muslim archaeology from before the tenth and eleventh centuries compared to the MILLIONS of archaeological finds from the Roman Empire shows that this "Golden Age" is probably very much exaggerated.

So they were looking wrong place if they were looking below ground to find science. They were and still are all in the libraries.

Just because a scholar is studying or working in some secluded part of an Empire does not make an entire civilization more advanced or inferior than another

It does make it more advanced. Wtf is that entire civilization bullshit. We were talking about the years between 700-1300. What did you expect, education rate of today's Norway ?

it really has no bearing on mainstream society unless those ideas and works can actually be put to practical use. The Ottoman Turks soundly defeated both the Arabs and Persians, the Golden boys themselves who were still using bows and arrows in the 16th century. This did not spark any kind of extended Islamic Golden age despite all of those flourishing centers of advanced civilization they must have acquired. In fact I think they were quite disappointed at the sorry state of their new possessions and the backwardness of these areas compared to Anatolia.

Islamic golden age ended in the 13th century.

Much like today, 1000 years ago Muslims were constantly warring and there was never any room for any significant leap in technology to be made, the Arabs were fighting the Persians, and the Turks were fighting them both, and their experience having fought wars against the more technologically advanced Europeans gave them an advantage and they won.

1000 years ago christians were warring too. Dude, Turks defeated Arabs and Persians BEFORE they tried to rekt Europe. Mongols introduced into Europe gunpowder and its associated weaponry. Gunpowder arrived in the Middle East BEFORE Mongols, through India, from China.

Technologically advanced Europeans gave them an advantage ? That's a big lol, sorry. Turks were more advanced in military till mid-16th century.

[DKNhz]

The House of Wisdom which the largest Islamic center of learning at the time was modeled after the school of Nesibis (the world's first university) and the great medical academy at Gundeshapur, which were both founded by Assyrian Christians.

Dude, really. What are you trying to achive, why trying so hard ? What the fuck does it change if it's founded by Assyrian christians, pagans, muslims or whatever. None of those change the fact. If you're not roleplaying a parrot, please stop.

[Grytviken]

Technologically advanced Europeans gave them an advantage ? That's a big lol, sorry. Turks were more advanced in military till mid-16th century.

The bombards used to attack Constantinople were forged by a Hungarian. The Ottomans invaded the Mamluk Sultante in 1516 using European style Arabesques and Artillery, while the Egyptians, Arabs and Persians still relied on mainly on bows and arrows. The Venetians and other Italian states were utilizing artillery and guns against the Ottomons since the 1400's.

[Grytviken]

Dude, really. What are you trying to achive, why trying so hard ? What the fuck does it change if it's founded by Assyrian christians, pagans, muslims or whatever. None of those change the fact. If you're not roleplaying a parrot, please stop.

Just pointing out that the Islamic Golden Age is wildly exaggerated, they were just recycling work that was already done by others. There was nothing Islamic about this Golden Age that would probably have never taken place if it weren't for the Greeks and Assyrian Christians. this offends me as a Scientologist.

[Armpit_Sweat]

Well he's nationalist who believes that his little shitty country is best thing since sliced bread, take that into consideration. But you should already be aware of it, since we're here for five years and pretty much everybody knows what others think.

Not that I have traveled a lot, but I've been in a number of eu countries, and Denmark is definitely my favorite seriously, wouldn't change it for any other in the world. Norway is cool too, and from what I've heard Switzerland is a good place, though I never been there...

[DKNhz]

The bombards used to attack Constantinople were forged by a Hungarian. The Ottomans invaded the Mamluk Sultante in 1516 using European style Arabesques and Artillery, while the Egyptians, Arabs and Persians still relied on mainly on bows and arrows. The Venetians and other Italian states were utilizing artillery and guns against the Ottomons since the 1400's.

Yes, that's what make an empire more advanced, making ppl to do science in their lands, for them. to get the upper hand. Bombards being forged by a Hungarian doesn't make it a Hungarian weapon. Hungarians didn't have such bombards, nor Europeans. But Ottomans had it.
Ottoman firearms in 1500's were not arquebus, those were modified weapons. Ottoman arquebus were slower to load but way more accurate, long ranged and higher caliber capable of penetrating any plate armor. They learned the advanced gun making from the Jews fleeing from the Spanish Inquisition. And they used what they learn to be more advanced. Being the advanced and being the first user-inventor or whatsoever is not the same thing.

The Andalusians used Moorish cannon at the sieges of Seville, in 1248.

The earliest surviving documentary evidence for the use of the hand cannon, considered the oldest type of portable firearm and a forerunner of the handgun, are from several Arabic manuscripts dated to the 14th century. Those hand-held cannon being used by the Mamluks at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260.

Just pointing out that the Islamic Golden Age is wildly exaggerated, they were just recycling work that was already done by others. There was nothing Islamic about this Golden Age that would probably have never taken place if it weren't for the Greeks and Assyrian Christians. this offends me as a Scientologist.

Recycling or not, Europe was unaware %90 of the Greek and Roman works and had no idea about Persian, Indian and Chinese works until Arabs translated those into Arabic and made them accessible. All those works might have been lost without Arabs.
And calling people like Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, Jābir ibn Hayyān a recycler have to offend you more. You should go and live the rest of your life in woods with shame.

[Butan]

You're trying very hard at re-inventing history.

[DKNhz]

You're trying very hard at re-inventing history.

No idea who you are talking to but prove me wrong, or prove him wrong. Bring it on.

[Xant]

Butan can't formulate any coherent arguments, don't hold your breath.

[Butan]

No idea who you are talking to but prove me wrong, or prove him wrong. Bring it on.

I was talking to Grytviken, didnt see you topped the thread before I posted, my bad.

[Grytviken]

Recycling or not, Europe was unaware %90 of the Greek and Roman works and had no idea about Persian, Indian and Chinese works until Arabs translated those into Arabic and made them accessible. All those works might have been lost without Arabs.
And calling people like Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, Jābir ibn Hayyān a recycler have to offend you more. You should go and live the rest of your life in woods with shame.

There was never any dark age in Eastern Christendom under the Byzantines, the Roman Empire continued there as it always had. These works were safely preserved and sent to the west. I'm not discrediting Arabs, The Abbasid Caliphate was very liberal until it's fracture, but their part in the preservation has been highly exaggerated and attributed to an "Islamic" golden age, when in fact it was Christians who first began translating these books into Arabic and founding schools where these Christians were teaching Arabs. From Egypt to Persia Eastern Christians had been teaching Greek Science for hundreds of years prior to the Islamic Golden age. The population at the time of the Islamic conquest of Syria was over 50% Christian.

It wasn't so much they were unaware but it was more that the Byzantines and their Eastern counterparts were frowned upon by the Latin world. Arab leaders were sending personal envoys to Constantinople to further their research while Western Christians were not. Much of this knowledge was intact in Constantinople till it's fall where the Greeks turned westwards with much of this knowledge intact. The Arabs also welcomed the Eastern Christian scholars when they were being persecuted by Roman Emperors to further their own insight on Greek knowledge. After the Islamic conquest of Syria they inherited 600 years of research and study from the Assyrian people, which was responsible for the golden age.

[Angantyr]

Not that I have traveled a lot, but I've been in a number of eu countries, and Denmark is definitely my favorite seriously, wouldn't change it for any other in the world. Norway is cool too, and from what I've heard Switzerland is a good place, though I never been there...

Yes, Iceland, Finland, Holland, Norway, Sweden (as of yet despite the regressive dark age it has entered), Switzerland, Denmark are continuous top-scorers in human development index and UN lists over countries that are the most egalitarian, most socially mobile, has the freest press, least corruption, least crime, healthiest best educated populations, most trust in government and each other, most ecological etc.

(click to show/hide)

https://encyclopediadramatica.se/Denmark

If I was nationalist, I would link to page describing "mine" country but I'm not. Taking pride in "witty" and "edgy" writing of some lonely, angry individual. And like to call it a country where I'm currently taking residence in. Hopefully it won't be the one where they'll bury me. Sea or empty space are much better choices imho.

Happiness as product of "good life" is superficial bullshit and will come to an end the moment material goods are taken from you.  It is same brand of happiness consumerism brings, like buying new iPhone or brand new pair of designer jeans. It is basically a fix, lasts temporarily and leaves you urging for more. Fucks you up in the end.

I tend to value spiritual side of life more than physical because latter doesn't last long and comes at limited quantities that cannot be renewed. If you're obsessing over physical aspect, then your happiness will last for period when you're in your prime which is less than half of your lifespan. Rest of your life will be miserable, drowned in alcohol or drugs in attempt to forget that your prime passed. Older cultures than ours, those at far east know that very well and are governing their lives according to those facts of life.

I don't live in a rich, economically prosperous country with great welfare system and high average wages. I am unable to buy latest iPhone, PC, gaming console, 4K LCDTV, designer clothes, rent expensive flat or buy brand new German car. But you know what, unlike most of the people surrounding me, not having those goods in my possession that doesn't make me unhappy. I simply feel no need for any of those things as must-have ingredients of my so called modern life. What makes me unhappy are people I'm surrounded with, shallow starved out demons who want something superficial they don't have and are willing to harm other people in their quest for personal materialistic goods which serve no good purpose to most of them because their chronic lack of education and knowledge. That is what sucks about poor countries. Human nature sucks, not lack of goods they produce (objectively speaking it is all crap). But human nature sucks everywhere, it is just concealed under layers of short lasting mechanisms that bring temporary pleasure that way averting true intentions of most members of our species. What I value the most are things most of us take for grant and repeatedly destroy. Things that can regenerate but not under attacks of so many viruses we call humans.

Well he's nationalist who believes that his little shitty country is best thing since sliced bread, take that into consideration. But you should already be aware of it, since we're here for five years and pretty much everybody knows what others think.

Few of the things I mention above are based only on material wealth.

I believe in being rational and if it is rational to be conservative about parts of one's culture I am conservative about parts of my culture. This culture extends beyond the national border, thankfully. I don't just like my culture or my people because it makes me 'feel' something. I didn't build this society, my ancestors did, and the least I can do is help maintain it and defend its core values, while there are many other nations on this planet I greatly admire and respect.

I don't subscribe to cultural relativism; some ideas are simply good while some are simply bad, and I believe one of the main reasons for above mentioned boons of the traditional Western culture is monoculture, homogeneity and egalitarianism which inherently leads to social cohesion, trust and an expansive in-group.

[Grytviken]

You're trying very hard at re-inventing history.

That long list of scholars he posted were mostly students of the schools I mentioned earlier, or scholars that further elaborated on works already done by Greek and other Christian scholars from the Middle East. Alot of them were also Jewish and Christian converts trying to escape persecution after the fracture of the Abbasid caliphate. There's a direct correlation between the persecution of Eastern Christians and Jews and the end of the Islamic golden age.

The Saracens were just as barbaric and uneducated as the common European. There is no archaeological evidence of some lavish civilization with a greater quality of life or advanced technology than that of any other European kingdom from this time period.

[Umbra]

I love these arguments. You think Europe is advanced? They just built on what the Muslims accomplished.
Fuck that, they just built on what the Byzantines had accomplished.
Fuck that, they just built on what the Romans had accomplished.
Fuck that, they just built on what Alexandar had accomplished.
Fuck that, they just built on what the Greeks had accomplished.
Fuck that, they just built on what the Mezopotanians had accomplished.
Fuck that, they just built on when the cavemen invented fire.
Fuck ALL that, the dinosaurs died for our sins.

DINOSAURS MOST ADVANCED CONFIRMED!