Again, a missile shield is totally uncredible as a deterrent agains RF.
The RF is not protesting on military reasons, just politics because the opportunity was offered. I don't blame the protests, it is legitimate from political pov, but without any real military justification.
You would probably need at least 2 missiles per ICBM to be sure to catch them all, and you'd need missile launchers in more places than just Poland. And you would need hundreds on hundreds. Besides, the anti missile shield would probably be taken out first with short range missiles. A missile shield in Europe does nothing to stop SLBM's to fire from the ocean with 15 min? reaction time etc etc..
Hypothetically, an ABM shield is possible, but it would require VAST amounts of resources. Probably much more resources than the ICBM's would cost in the first place. It's just physics. It's nigh on impossible to intercept ICBM's because their speed is already bordering on whats physically possible.