Cavalry, shielders
Neither acheive the goal of killing outnumbering ranged, and cav is better countered by range than range is countered by cav.
, other archers/xbow
Which is exactly my point. Positive feedback means more ranged will cause more ranged.
, throwers
Yeah, not really. Throwers are either too slow or too weak and remain extremely vulnerable to crossfire while throwing. The only advantage they have over melee is to be able to damage archers from slightly further away which can be just enough in some cases where melee would not be able to do jack shit (roofcamping for example). Any head-on approach will be very inefficient due to constant dodging between the two parties.
, melee in overwhelming numbers (or melee with other classes assisting).
Anything in overwhelming numbers is always going to beat anything. That isn't what a counter is.
A counter is when you are fewer than the enemy yet the combination of your class and their class makes killing them much easier, like ranged against shieldless infantry. What a counter is
not is for example being able to resist the attacks of a given class (shielders don't counter ranged, they resist it).
+ Fast moving infantry
That's honestly the closest we have to a ranged counter. But it only works against one ranged at a time given absolutely perfect conditions (flat terrain being the most unlikely one). And even when you do get to an archer or xbow alive this way, chances are you are going to spend a couple of seconds fighting them which is plenty enough time for you to get shot down, run down, backstabbed or anything else. And no, bringing other people isn't unfair at all because due to the nature of ranged you always have to go deep into enemy controlled zones in order to kill them unless if your side already won.