Why would I read a 17th century philosopher who knew nothing about modern cognitive sciences?
"To say of what is, that it is, or of what is not, that it is not, is true."
—Aristotle, Metaphysics IV
then why would you cite Aristotle?
I respect Aristotle, mind you, but much of his work is out-dated. it never leaves the world of language and guesswork (hence, "metaphysics").
2+2=4 is true in the abstract language of mathematics, but it's as that not useful in our world, as seen in the example of 2 potatoes + 2 potatoes, as no two potatoes are the same. similarly, when you take other systems, like binary, you will notice how the simple truth of 2+2 is not anymore 4, but something different, it has to be translated.
the problem lies in the abstraction, when properties are being stripped away. the extreme case of the number "2" has no relation to any substantial referent in the physical world at all. it is just symbols and language to make things fit in our heads. but not
the truth. (something "being true" and "the truth" should not be confused as you will know)
or even differently phrased: if there is a truth (not
the truth) it would lie on a non-verbal level.
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General Semantics, I recommend:
Drive Yourself SaneLanguage in Thought and ActionTyranny of Wordsin that sense (back to topic), sanity is consciousness of abstraction. when we mention Syria and bombing it, do we talk about the geographic Syria (land)? the anthropology of Syria (culture)? the Syrian people? their government? when I say Syrian people, do I mean the people living there? what about their lifestock? houses? family graves? sacred sites? what about the people just staying there? do I think of the refugees in other countries aswell? we should ask ourselves that when we speak and think.