It's the wrong place. Try Beginner's Help next time.
1) It depends on the item. In most cases there are three categories:
- (European) two handed swords in halfsword mode: Polearm animations, Polearm wpf used, more stab damage, less swing damage
- Some one handed weapons (Cudgel, Langes Messer, Military Sickle, Fighting Axe - I might miss some) in 2h mode. They use 2h wpf and 2h animations. Minor damage boost too.
- Pretty much all the rest (most of them polearms and 1h) get the weapon turned around with some speed adjustment and damage type change. The direction of speed adjustment seems to depend on the weapon and the other damage type in general seems lower than the original (though in case of cutting weapons going to pierce/blunt it's very much warranted too)
2) This is a separate case. All weapons that normally use two hands but can be used with a shield (ie spears, bastard swords, morningstar, mace) get a -30% penalty to damage and speed or something like that and I believe the weapons that used to be 2h now use 1h profiency, but the weapons that used polearm profiency keep using polearm profiency. I might be wrong though. It's technically a secondary mode even if you can't swap to it by pressing X, but the stats for those modes aren't visible unlike for the modes shown in 1).
