cRPG

Off Topic => General Off Topic => Topic started by: Xant on November 10, 2013, 05:30:54 pm

Title: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on November 10, 2013, 05:30:54 pm
Is something is right or wrong independently of whether anybody believes it to be so? For example, is killing innocent people for fun objectively wrong, or is that just a subjective opinion? Was the holocaust wrong? Would it be wrong even if the Nazees had won and successfully brain-washed everyone that it was alright? Or are these merely social conventions, and perhaps society in hundred years could be in favor of murdering infants, and nobody in today's society could claim it is "evil", because there's no objective morality? Or if there is, whence comes the objective morality, if not from God?

If you don't believe in objective morality, then morality is just a social custom – or what is socially acceptable at the time. Hence it is not morally "wrong" to kill babies, it’s just socially frowned upon. How then can you condemn anyone for deeds like murder or rape if it's nothing more than your own personal opinion, a mere social custom, you personally subscribe to?

That becomes a non-question if you believe in God and that he decides what is moral and what is not, so it's a question for people who have no faith.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Zlisch_The_Butcher on November 10, 2013, 05:38:12 pm
All opinions are subjective, including what's evil and good, and whether evil and good exist.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Osiris on November 10, 2013, 05:40:05 pm
whats right whats wrong whats legal what isn't changes all the time. We used to marry and have kids at 13-14 now you would be called a sick pedophile and locked away. whose to say in 200 years the age of consent wont be 25 and we all look like pedophiles :D

There are some constants however ie Murder. I don't think murdering children has ever really been socially acceptable same as theft (as long as its not your own people ofc murdering and looting enemies or other peoples was fine)

Even gods morality has changed over time. many people get divorced or have pre marital sex etc there are very few who take the bible literally most of it comes from common sense and culture.

We can condemn people for murder and rape because we make laws against it. as for is something right or wrong independent well no ofc not. right or wrong is always according to the people of the time.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Christo on November 10, 2013, 05:47:48 pm
You are sick.

(click to show/hide)

On this good and evil, right and wrong talk, there is no black and white. only shades of grey

The good and evil stuff belongs to the fairy tales, and romanticized ideals

Although may I question point of thread, without getting a silly one liner? Seems like you want to stir something up, but you already went through the thought yourself.

Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on November 10, 2013, 05:54:19 pm
So mass murder and genocide is not evil or wrong, only a "shade of grey"?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Christo on November 10, 2013, 06:07:31 pm
Does calling it wrong, or evil stop genocide from happening?

In the end it's all based on who are we talking about, there is no absolute evil or absolute good. That's what I meant with that.

On genocide not being wrong, well the ones doing it probably see it as right and justified, the victims etc. see it as cruel. It's all based on the situation.

These pointless discussions though. I miss old cRPG drama that was actually entertaining.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on November 10, 2013, 06:13:44 pm
Calling it wrong or evil doesn't stop it from happening, but that wasn't the question. If it isn't evil or wrong, then why condemn it? Why do something to stop it? What makes your point of view more right than the point of view of those who thought it was fine? Or are both sides equally right? Is it simply a question of which is better, strawberry or chocolate icrecream, a personal opinion? If so, why would you say the Holocaust is wrong? Or would you not, and say that there was nothing wrong or evil about it, it was a perfectly legit moral opinion of someone that it was a good thing to do?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Christo on November 10, 2013, 06:15:16 pm
Ohoho, you're not going there, are you.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on November 10, 2013, 06:24:54 pm
Yeah, didn't think you could actually provide any reasons.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Christo on November 10, 2013, 06:27:37 pm
I think you're on the wrong forum for that mate
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on November 10, 2013, 06:50:30 pm
That remains to be seen.

http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/meta-eth.html
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Kalam on November 10, 2013, 06:53:24 pm
Can't talk about this without someone bringing up the Prisoner's Dilemma (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner%27s_dilemma), so here's this (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18938180).

This article (http://discovermagazine.com/1993/may/forgivenessmath212#.Un_HPeKYcRs) sums it up nicely.

Morality, then, is an agreement with the rest of the world for you to protect yourself and the people you love when you lack the power to directly assure your safety.

Personally, I believe that moral values exist without religion because humans are co-dependent creatures. 

Something else to consider: Emergence of a Peaceful Culture in Wild Baboons (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC387823/).
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: bilwit on November 10, 2013, 06:58:05 pm
Despite what fanatics think, religion does not have a monopoly on morality. Obviously it's not as simple as saying "yes, there is objective morality with or without a god" but the easiest way to study intrinsic human behavior is to look at primeval human society. Take away all the nations, history, technology, culture and even language and you're still left with human beings living and working together communally. Humans are naturally social and cooperative creatures whose best interest is to help their fellow man. Outside of that, it's all social construction and bullshit.

Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: SixThumbs on November 10, 2013, 07:01:29 pm
Well, I am subject to the impressions of objects/events reflected through a collective conscience based upon a median level of social adaptation grown from current cultural trends which allows me to come to the conclusion that you haven't been watching enough MTV.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Malaclypse on November 10, 2013, 07:14:52 pm
Just social/cultural customs, no objective good/evil, go with the flow of the times.

I think for most of us that is the case- I mean getting outside of the idea of objective good or evil, let's take a loot at how people responded to what is viewed by the world at large as evil or wrong, that there holocaust you pointed out. People just get swept up in the tide of what's going on around them; if we're going to commit genocide, by god we're going to work together to do it. We're social beings, even the most antisocial of us.

Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Weren on November 10, 2013, 07:16:01 pm
I don't believe in completely objective morality no.

However I don't think something as severe as killing is just a matter of opinion.
I believe our only real(though not exactly objective) moral compass is empathy with the combination of rational thought.
For the large part most of our important moral laws are already based on that(for example killing, raping and other forms of violence).
You'd have hard time finding a person who thinks that killing in its very self is alright, some people think it's OK if you kill for a
good reason(War, execution of mass murderer, self defense), but I'd argue that's for the large part because of suppressed empathy(Because of feelings of revenge,
hate or a forced down dogma among other reasons). Institutions where empathy doesn't serve a purpose can vary from military where feeling empathy for your
enemies is most likely not going to help you win a fight - to prison where showing empathy can be seen as a sign of weakness, which can warrant you a lot of trouble
in that environment. Also some ideologies, religions and cultures can portray some class of people as inferior or evil, and can hammer empathy for that
group of people out of the their members by growing them into the ideology or suppressing rational thought with various forms of propaganda and brainwashing.

So even if you cannot judge people for not doing the "right" thing(Because there is no definitive right and wrong),
you can judge them for not using empathy or suppressing it.
I'd say the more minor and more artifical moral rules though, like sexual age of consent, are more a matter of public opinion.

Does that make sense to anyone?  :P
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: GOBBLINKINGREATLEADER on November 10, 2013, 07:23:14 pm
wow EU scum took an entire six posts to satisfy godwin
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on November 10, 2013, 07:29:21 pm
Very good, except Nazis were referenced in the OP. Strong math skills otherwise.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Huscarlton_Banks on November 10, 2013, 07:51:40 pm
You might be interested in this book, I took the course and ended up TAing for it twice while earning my bachelor's in biology.

http://www.amazon.com/Death-Distance-Birth-Humane-Universe-ebook/dp/B004X2HRR0/ref=tmm_kin_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&sr=&qid=

Greater scale of cooperation seems to arise with advents of inexpensive, democratic methods (anyone can afford, use) of suppressing conflicts of interest.

(melee -> throwing -> atlatl -> bow -> cannon -> firearms)

A sense of moral obligation/shame between non-kin humans can be seen as an adaptation that arises in the context of an environment that heavily punishes "cheating". (murder, stealing, disobeying traditions/beliefs etc) The idea of absolute morality seems to just be another social construction, based on the behaviors of animals toward non-kin in situations where conflicts of interest exceed the cost to pursue those interests.

Many social practices that major religions have today arose from ages where power was concentrated in "elite warrior" societies via expensive body armor/intense training needed to use weapons (and thus, generated practices that favor elite warriors) with the most powerful messages being:

Recognize leaders and their descendants as directly being chosen by <x deity here> to rule
Similarly, be humble and be willing to serve/give whatever the leader wants because you'll be rewarded in the afterlife/be punished if you don't
Behave (do not murder, cheat, steal unless in a specific situation that the dogma/leader specifically tells you to do so, generally towards apostates and/or those of another nationality/religion)

This has waned somewhat in modern societies, but theocratic states still exist.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: _schizo321437 on November 10, 2013, 08:17:58 pm
I don't believe in completely objective morality no.

However I don't think something as severe as killing is just a matter of opinion.
I believe our only real(though not exactly objective) moral compass is empathy with the combination of rational thought.
For the large part most of our important moral laws are already based on that(for example killing, raping and other forms of violence).
You'd have hard time finding a person who thinks that killing in its very self is alright, some people think it's OK if you kill for a
good reason(War, execution of mass murderer, self defense), but I'd argue that's for the large part because of suppressed empathy(Because of feelings of revenge,
hate or a forced down dogma among other reasons). Institutions where empathy doesn't serve a purpose can vary from military where feeling empathy for your
enemies is most likely not going to help you win a fight - to prison where showing empathy can be seen as a sign of weakness, which can warrant you a lot of trouble
in that environment. Also some ideologies, religions and cultures can portray some class of people as inferior or evil, and can hammer empathy for that
group of people out of the their members by growing them into the ideology or suppressing rational thought with various forms of propaganda and brainwashing.

So even if you cannot judge people for not doing the "right" thing(Because there is no definitive right and wrong),
you can judge them for not using empathy or suppressing it.
I'd say the more minor and more artifical moral rules though, like sexual age of consent, are more a matter of public opinion.

Does that make sense to anyone?  :P


"empathy for your enemies is most likely not going to help you win a fight"

You mean sympathy. Not empathy.

"psychopaths are aware of the feelings of others when they hurt someone because their cognitive empathy is intact even if affective empathy is not"
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Weren on November 10, 2013, 08:40:07 pm
You mean sympathy. Not empathy.

Yeah.  :P
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: _schizo321437 on November 10, 2013, 08:42:46 pm
Okay, Sun-tzu's ghost was getting pissy.  :wink:
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Clockworkkiller on November 10, 2013, 11:53:54 pm
goddamnit man, why cant you make some stupid threads so us stupid people can participate
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on November 11, 2013, 07:36:51 am
Can we be good without God? At first the answer to this question may seem so obvious that even to pose it arouses indignation. For while those of us who are Christian theists undoubtedly find in God a source of moral strength and resolve which enables us to live lives that are better than those we should live without Him, nevertheless it would seem arrogant and ignorant to claim that those who do not share a belief in God do not often live good moral lives--indeed, embarrassingly, lives that sometimes put our own to shame.

But wait. It would, indeed, be arrogant and ignorant to claim that people cannot be good without belief in God. But that was not the question. The question was: can we be good without God? When we ask that question, we are posing in a provocative way the meta-ethical question of the objectivity of moral values. Are the values we hold dear and guide our lives by mere social conventions akin to driving on the left versus right side of the road or mere expressions of personal preference akin to having a taste for certain foods or not? Or are they valid independently of our apprehension of them, and if so, what is their foundation? Moreover, if morality is just a human convention, then why should we act morally, especially when it conflicts with self-interest? Or are we in some way held accountable for our moral decisions and actions?

Today I want to argue that if God exists, then the objectivity of moral values, moral duties, and moral accountability is secured, but that in the absence of God, that is, if God does not exist, then morality is just a human convention, that is to say, morality is wholly subjective and non-binding. We might act in precisely the same ways that we do in fact act, but in the absence of God, such actions would no longer count as good (or evil), since if God does not exist, objective moral values do not exist. Thus, we cannot truly be good without God. On the other hand, if we do believe that moral values and duties are objective, that provides moral grounds for believing in God.

Consider, then, the hypothesis that God exists. First, if God exists, objective moral values exist. To say that there are objective moral values is to say that something is right or wrong independently of whether anybody believes it to be so. It is to say, for example, that chocolate chip cookie anti-Semitism was morally wrong, even though the Nazis who carried out the Holocaust thought that it was good; and it would still be wrong even if the Nazis had won World War II and succeeded in exterminating or brainwashing everybody who disagreed with them.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Taser on November 11, 2013, 07:49:39 am
There is no morality at all. It is all emotional. Emotivism.

This also follows from a nihilistic framework.

So can people be "good" without god? Only to the point of what they perceive as good to themselves and to a society. But different people have different perspectives on what "good" is so one person might be considered a hero to many and a villan to others even within the same society or community let alone among different societies, ie chocolate chip cookies and H ilter.

So can people truly be good? No. Neither can they be truly bad. They cannot do anything of any real value either. But that's too depressing for most people and kind of off the topic. Its related when one is a nihilist but only if one goes down that path.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Huscarlton_Banks on November 11, 2013, 08:28:52 am
...

Old argument, it basically boils down to "If god(s) exists, then whatever He/She/They/It says is objective morality, because god", which is a very arbitrary form of morality.

Problems arise with this idea when:

Beliefs blatantly change (new holy books by "inspired" individuals, new prophets with radically different beliefs of an afterlife)

Rules blatantly change (often hand-waved with new covenants, X is not okay/okay back in the old days because God said it was, now it is okay/now it is not okay because he changed his mind)

There are multiple such religions with "objective moral values" that conflict with one another, especially if they are extremely recent religions in the context of how far back behaviorally modern human ancestry goes. (Hundreds of thousands of years of no objective moral values?)

The "true" religion(s) arise exclusively in a notably poor, illiterate society during an age in which there are multiple societies that are much larger, wealthier, and more capable of spreading the religion that coexist with them in the world. (Why not "inspire" someone/send a prophet to every society with the same religion? Why deprive such societies of the "true" faith for at least a few hundred years of its existence?)

Similarly, why do primitive societies exist that have never had contact with any of these "true" religions?

More on this:

Quote from: http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/theism/divine.html
Divine Command Theory

The divine command theory (DCT) of ethics holds that an act is either moral or immoral solely because God either commands us to do it or prohibits us from doing it, respectively. On DCT the only thing that makes an act morally wrong is that God prohibits doing it, and all that it means to say that torture is wrong is that God prohibits torture. DCT is wildly implausible for reasons best illustrated by the Euthyphro dilemma, which is based on a discussion of what it means for an act to be holy in Plato's Euthyphro. Substituting "moral wrongness" for "holiness" raises the dilemma: Is torture wrong because God prohibits it, or does God prohibit torture because it is already wrong?

While DCT takes the the first route, Euthyphro takes the last one: If a good God prohibits torture he does so because torture is intrinsicly wrong, not merely because he declares torture to be wrong by fiat. But if torture is intrinsicly wrong, then it is wrong regardless of whether or not God exists. Either certain acts are wrong regardless of anyone's opinions or commands (including God's), or else all that we mean by "torture is wrong" is "God prohibits torture." Rather than grounding the objectivity of ethics, DCT completely undermines it by insisting that God's commands (like those of individuals or societies) do not require justification in terms of any external principles.

DCT is thus a kind of moral relativism: what's right or wrong is what one's God (like one's self or one's society) says is right or wrong--and there are no moral standards apart from this. Yet if God said that 2+2=100, 2+2=100 would nonetheless be false because 2+2=4 is true regardless of what God says. The same point holds for moral propositions like "inflicting unnecessary suffering solely for fun is wrong." If that proposition is true, then it is true regardless of whether God commands or prohibits inflicting such suffering.

If there is no standard of "being morally right" apart from God's commands, then God could literally command us to do anything and it would be right for us to do it by definition. Whatever God commands becomes the standard of moral rightness, and there are no moral values external to God to constrain what he would or would not command. So if God commanded one person to rape another, DCT entails that that rape would be moral because "doing the right thing" is logically equivalent to "doing what God commands." A highly implausible implication is that it is impossible to even imagine God commanding a wrong act. What counts as moral or immoral behavior on DCT is completely subjective--dependent upon God's fiat--and thus arbitrary.

While some retort that goodness flows from God's nature, this merely changes the form of the dilemma: Is compassion good because it is a part of God's nature, or is compassion a part of God's nature because it is already good? The first option produces problems parallel to those for DCT. If malice were a part of God's nature, for instance, it is doubtful that malice would automatically be good. If there are any objective moral standards at all, then a god can be either good or evil, and the assessment of a god's character would depend upon appealing to standards independent of any god's commands, opinions, statements, nature, or character.

We act "morally" with non-kin when it conflicts with self-interest because humans are extremely good at suppressing conflicts of interest via coercive threat. There is nothing stopping you from picking up a weapon and assaulting an unsuspecting bystander to rob them, but you run the risk of being caught and punished. The main idea being, acting as a "criminal" should be so costly towards your own well-being or those closely related to you that doing "honest work" is the best strategy for passing on your genetic material.

Non-human animals are often shown cooperating or getting along with one another when humans raise them in captivity (thereby suppressing their conflicts of interest by providing all food/shelter/guaranteeing that they will pass down their genetics/making them believe they are a familial unit), or in the wild when there is little to no direct competition between them (hence, no motivation to lie) while there is a benefit for cooperation.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: [ptx] on November 11, 2013, 10:35:23 am
I believe that morality is a social custom, but disagree, that this would prevent us from condemning those, that deviate from it.

A social custom is what you have to adhere to, if you wish to be part of that society. If you break it, that society has every right to judge and expel or punish you.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on November 11, 2013, 11:03:07 am
Then how would you react if it was an approved social custom to kill ethnic group X, just because they belong to said ethnic group? That wouldn't be wrong, then, since it is a social custom? The strength of every 'moral' we have comes only from the contemporary society that enforces it, a sort of morality-by-majority, whatever the group you belong to decides is moral, is?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: [ptx] on November 11, 2013, 11:12:50 am
It is probably not wrong, from their perspective. Although, imo, it wasn't an exactly accepted social custom, more like an enforced ideology.

If you cannot accept the customs of a society, you can try to isolate yourself from that society or seek a different one, if such exists - or you can try to change the society, if you can.

What is "morally acceptable" changes all the time, and not just over the course of a few hundred years. In mainstream "Western" society, taboos have changed radically in just the last 20-30 years. I imagine, in another 20-30 years, we will look back and shudder at how "immoral" we were now.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Weren on November 11, 2013, 11:59:54 am
Some interesting points (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AS_euz0g-VA), I think this is what Christo might have been going after in his post.  :)
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on November 11, 2013, 12:13:44 pm
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: rufio on November 11, 2013, 12:49:05 pm
visitors can't see pics , please register or login
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Butan on November 11, 2013, 01:40:11 pm
I believe that morality is indeed only a social custom.
Ultimately, we have evolved to a point where we can do whatever the fuck we want, we know it, but as long as we live together there is a social cost for your actions.


The only thing that really matter, is how much you are ready to pay.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on November 11, 2013, 02:09:59 pm
I don't suppose you feel very strongly about Hitler's actions then. He lost, so he died. But if he had won, what he did would have been cool.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: [ptx] on November 11, 2013, 02:17:33 pm
Not really. Probably would've been the same thing as with Stalin - all his murderous rampages were "cool", till he died. Then he was a monster and buried and forgotten like a bad dream.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on November 11, 2013, 02:18:59 pm
Why do you think so, if morality is not objective? Had he lived long enough and if morals are nothing but social conventions, then he could have changed the public opinion and genocide would've become a good thing to do.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: [ptx] on November 11, 2013, 02:24:20 pm
Read
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalin%27s_cult_of_personality#Illusion_of_unanimous_support
and then
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalin%27s_cult_of_personality#End_of_the_cult_and_de-Stalinization

Stalin's cult also stands for support for the terrible crimes he committed.

De-Stalinization was a pretty big, at least a 90 degree turn, which pretty much put a stop to mass murders in Soviet Union, though, rather than calling them immoral, they simply chose to cover it up and pretend those didn't happen.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Butan on November 11, 2013, 03:13:16 pm
I don't suppose you feel very strongly about Hitler's actions then. He lost, so he died. But if he had won, what he did would have been cool.

What I feel is part of the society reaction to what Hitler did.

Individually or collectively, moralism is not an objective thing since it changes all the time.
Thus there could be indeed a time when bad will be good and good will be bad.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Huscarlton_Banks on November 11, 2013, 03:17:07 pm
video

You seem to forget that acts considered atrocities today were okay in antiquity (and indeed, some are still are okay in countries that practice religious law), so this "objective morality" that you prescribe is no better than the idea that altruism is selfish, since it is nothing but blindly following a deity/traditions that conveniently change their minds rapidly depending on who is in power.

You can claim it is superior just because a deity(according to books/religious groups) claims that is is the absolute truth/law, but you don't have to look very hard to see that religious law/interpretations change often, and you don't have to look very hard to find religious directives to perform genocide/slavery/force marriage, or even stories in which the god(s) themselves perform acts that are considered wrong, but it's okay because it's against people who conveniently happen to be the enemy of the nation that practices the religion.

Example:

(click to show/hide)

But... New covenant right?

Obvious handwaving in supposedly "absolute" morality to keep up with the times.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: _schizo321437 on November 11, 2013, 03:42:01 pm
I get the feeling people start with absolute principles and build out from there. All of us.

EDIT:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_prefrontal_cortex

"People with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex still retain the ability to consciously make moral judgments without error, but only in hypothetical situations presented to them. There is a gap in reasoning when applying the same moral principles to similar situations in their own lives. The result is that people make decisions that are inconsistent with their self professed moral values."

Sounds like normal politikking TBH.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Kalam on November 12, 2013, 12:44:08 am
Not really. Probably would've been the same thing as with Stalin - all his murderous rampages were "cool", till he died. Then he was a monster and buried and forgotten like a bad dream.

Everything except the concentration camps, yeah. It's one thing if he used them as manual labor or for experimentation, it's another to just execute them when they could still be used in the war effort.

@Huscarlton: some of the many things about religion that turned me off the moment I could understand them. It's still beyond me how people can follow old ass religions. I'd understand it more if it was something new that was designed to fit with the current culture.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: [ptx] on November 12, 2013, 09:07:15 am
Everything except the concentration camps, yeah. It's one thing if he used them as manual labor or for experimentation, it's another to just execute them when they could still be used in the war effort.
I didn't quite get this post...?

Soviet Gulags still existed after Stalin, but, AFAIK, there were less atrocities committed in Syberia after that, as well as no more mass deportations.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on November 13, 2013, 03:51:35 pm
Platinga, more like ba-zinga.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: _schizo321437 on November 13, 2013, 04:59:34 pm
Vanilla ice cream exalts strawberry ice cream. Proving my pet cat exists.

Unless they melt.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Siiem on November 13, 2013, 07:15:59 pm
Unless they melt.

What happens if the ice cream melts?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on November 13, 2013, 07:39:12 pm
You do not ask that question.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on October 18, 2015, 01:21:13 pm
This thread is now more relevant than it ever was.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: pogosan on October 18, 2015, 03:40:20 pm
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on October 18, 2015, 04:01:16 pm
So Hitler was just breaking some social norms, nothing to it?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Tibe on October 18, 2015, 04:28:10 pm
Quite possible one day the majority will think that.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on October 18, 2015, 04:29:31 pm
So I suppose you think that "fairness" is also just an abstract notion with no basis in anything, a mere social construct?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Tibe on October 18, 2015, 04:57:52 pm
Eh what now?...I didnt read everything in here.

Ofcourse fairness has a basis. It adapts, (in its general mind)learning from past events. Just like everything else in a society.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: pogosan on October 18, 2015, 05:06:32 pm
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on October 18, 2015, 05:08:45 pm
No, it doesn't "adapt." It refers to a concept that doesn't change. If three people bake a cake, all doing equally much, in no human society will it be considered fair to give Billy two thirds of the cake. Now, in the past, or in the future.

The notion that morals are just a social construct is absurd. Does a blank slate human have a preference for other people suffering or for other people not suffering? Does he prefer for babies to die or for babies to live? Would Gandhi take a pill that makes him want to murder?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Christo on October 18, 2015, 05:11:12 pm
Would Gandhi take a pill that makes him want to murder?

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Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Kalam on October 18, 2015, 06:10:00 pm
The question you have to ask, Xant, is...does reality care?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Tibe on October 18, 2015, 06:16:43 pm
No, it doesn't "adapt." It refers to a concept that doesn't change. If three people bake a cake, all doing equally much, in no human society will it be considered fair to give Billy two thirds of the cake. Now, in the past, or in the future.

What. Are you deliberatetly trying to get me hooked on replying to your stuff? Ofcourse it was. In the past, the concept was that if Billy was a son of a highborn, he had the legimate right to have 2 thirds of the pie if he wants, even if the bakers got nothing in return for it. And the baker thought that the only part about this being unfair was that he wasnt born a highborn.  "I give you pies I worked for so long, you dont burn my house down". Fair enough m8.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Christo on October 18, 2015, 06:39:20 pm
You are indeed hooked on replying to his stuff.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on October 18, 2015, 06:44:20 pm
The question you have to ask, Xant, is...does reality care?
Do I care if reality cares? The answer is no.

What. Are you deliberatetly trying to get me hooked on replying to your stuff? Ofcourse it was. In the past, the concept was that if Billy was a son of a highborn, he had the legimate right to have 2 thirds of the pie if he wants, even if the bakers got nothing in return for it. And the baker thought that the only part about this being unfair was that he wasnt born a highborn.  "I give you pies I worked for so long, you dont burn my house down". Fair enough m8.

Why are you inserting these "what-ifs" into the question when they were never there? If it was not stated that Billy is a highborn, then he is not. I didn't think I'd need ten thousand disclaimers, but here it is, then: assume that the three are of the same status, they have all done as much, there are no special circumstances, that the three are for all intents and purposes equal.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Kafein on October 18, 2015, 06:59:12 pm
The universe doesn't care. Morality is only a human construct that we can't even get straight ourselves as soon as a situation starts becoming a little bit complicated. And ultimately it doesn't even matter in human affairs. What matters is what people do and how people react to what other people do, and the core foundations of that have been established through thousands of years of cultural and biological evolution. What we get looks like objective morality because successful evolution in that area is very convergent.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Kalam on October 18, 2015, 07:05:24 pm
Do I care if reality cares? The answer is no.

Then we're all agreed that there is no moral objectivity and it's just a nice tool to employ so that we don't destroy our status quo in a free-for-all battle royale?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on October 18, 2015, 07:20:58 pm
Then we're all agreed that there is no moral objectivity and it's just a nice tool to employ so that we don't destroy our status quo in a free-for-all battle royale?
No? Where is that implied?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Sir_Hans on October 18, 2015, 07:22:17 pm
So I suppose you think that "fairness" is also just an abstract notion with no basis in anything, a mere social construct?
No, it doesn't "adapt." It refers to a concept that doesn't change. If three people bake a cake, all doing equally much, in no human society will it be considered fair to give Billy two thirds of the cake. Now, in the past, or in the future.

The notion that morals are just a social construct is absurd. Does a blank slate human have a preference for other people suffering or for other people not suffering? Does he prefer for babies to die or for babies to live? Would Gandhi take a pill that makes him want to murder?

The social construction of reality is an ongoing, dynamic process that is (and must be) reproduced by people acting on their interpretations and their knowledge of it. Because social constructs as facets of reality and objects of knowledge are not "given" by nature, they must be constantly maintained and re-affirmed in order to persist. This process also introduces the possibility of change: i.e. what "justice" is and what it means shifts from one generation to the next.

Society's idea of "fairness" is not inevitable, but historically contingent. (Thus the idea or category "fairness" can be said to be "socially constructed".)

For example, take a look at slavery. For thousands of years many different groups of people practiced slavery. Back then it wasn't thought of as unfair or immoral, it was just reality, and nobody batted an eye because generally slaves were looked at as subhuman. Millions of complacent slaves grew up knowing that was their life and their role in life and didn't spend their waking moments believing their treatment was unfair because they got less than 1/3rd of the hypothetical cake.

It wasn't until key people came a long to seed society with the idea that slavery was wrong that it finally started to become perceived as unfair or unjust among mainstream thought, and it wasn't until this moment that people started thinking that slavery should be abolished from the planet and not be practiced.

So when billy bakes a cake with two other people and then takes 2/3rds... is that fair? Well being modern day humans with our understanding of the definition of fairness it's easy to say no that is not fair. (especially when you are taking a mathematical approach to fairness (aka: what is equal))
But if you go into different time periods there are many hypothetical situations where we can surmise that Billy taking 2/3rds of the cake is completely fair and justified to the people of that specific time period and or region, because they do not share our same understanding or current concept of fairness.

I mean this is exactly why the United States created things such as the Bill of Rights and the Constitution. They weren't inherently there, these concepts had to be socially constructed in one way or another and adopted by mainstream society.

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Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Tibe on October 18, 2015, 07:37:41 pm
Why are you inserting these "what-ifs" into the question when they were never there? If it was not stated that Billy is a highborn, then he is not. I didn't think I'd need ten thousand disclaimers, but here it is, then: assume that the three are of the same status, they have all done as much, there are no special circumstances, that the three are for all intents and purposes equal.

Because those "what-ifs" are important in societies which consider some people to be in higher or lower status by simple birthright. If there are no special circumstances, sure, yea, we are equal. But there are and have been a lot of people on this earth, whose minds can never even think of another person without these "what-ifs", let alone interact with them.

The concept of fairness seems fairly obvious to you, because you are not a blind moron born in a moronic society. It seems like simple logic even. But in the past to some people and societies it wasnt and in some cases today it still isnt. That was my point of evolvement.

And even some cases today fairness comes to question in a modern societies. More complex questions. Questions that especially consider things like historical events for example. What do you think? Should the decendants of the agressors pay the decendants of their victims for crimes commited decades ago? Is it fair? Or whats the fair and correct punishment for a murderer or rapist?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on October 18, 2015, 08:00:13 pm
So when billy bakes a cake with two other people and then takes 2/3rds... is that fair? Well being modern day humans with our understanding of the definition of fairness it's easy to say no that is not fair.
But if you go into different time periods there are many hypothetical situations where we can surmise that Billy taking 2/3rds of the cake is completely fair and justified to the people of that specific time period and or region, because they do not share our same understanding or current concept of fairness.
As if you couldn't come up with hypothetical situations where it would be fair in our times. That is not the point at all.

Fairness is symmetry. Fairness is equal division of the cake (in this instance). Fairness is everyone getting their due. It's equal treatment. This is what fairness refers to, it isn't a social construct and it isn't dependent on culture.

If Dennis, Bob and John bake the cake, and Dennis is royalty and thus gets 2/3 of the cake, it isn't because their understanding of fairness is different. Do you really think that the peasant slaving at the fields for his life thinks it's fair that he has to pay half of what he makes as tax to the king? Here I thought it was a common trope for people to bitch about taxes, and nobility getting more than the peasants even though they do nothing but sit on their lazy asses. I don't think I've ever before heard anyone postulate that people think it's fair others get more than they do, while doing less.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Kalam on October 18, 2015, 08:51:19 pm
No? Where is that implied?

Right and wrong in the context of human ethical code is always qualitative. These qualities change in definition depending on what culture or individual you ask. If there are universal morals that address every thing, living or otherwise, where do they come from?

Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on October 18, 2015, 09:03:53 pm
Right and wrong in the context of human ethical code is always qualitative. These qualities change in definition depending on what culture or individual you ask. If there are universal morals that address every thing, living or otherwise, where do they come from?
Fairness is different from right and wrong and universal morals.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Rhekimos on October 18, 2015, 09:15:43 pm
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Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Tibe on October 18, 2015, 09:19:33 pm
Fairness is different from right and wrong and universal morals.

So, you are describing exact equal result recieved for exact equal energy spent? What you are describing is a point that has nothing to do with people. If so why even bother to bring it up?

A "fair price" for said work is extremely relative.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on October 18, 2015, 09:26:37 pm
So, you are describing exact equal result recieved for exact equal energy spent? What you are describing is a point that has nothing to do with people. If so why even bother to bring it up?

A "fair price" for said work is extremely relative.
No, that is not what I'm describing. If you and your two friends find a treasure chest while hiking, what would the fair division of the loot be? Would the answer be any different if you and your friends lived two thousand years ago? And no, you would not think it was "fair" if one of your friends got a larger share because he's capable of having you thrown in prison if you disagree.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Tibe on October 18, 2015, 09:42:52 pm
What If you and your two friends find a treasure chest while hiking, what would the fair division of the loot be? Would the answer be any different if you and your friends lived two thousand years ago? And no, you would not think it was "fair" if one of your friends got a larger share because he's capable of having you thrown in prison if you disagree.

Thats just a single "what if", where a "fair" division in all sense can be possible and determined. And even that "what if" can spread to multiple "what ifs". Generally fair is still relative when dealing with interaction with people. Cause each person puts his own price tag on everything. A moment where "fair" is not relative for a second, is a mere covincidence. Nothing else. Like 3 hikers coming across a treasurechest that can somehow easly be devided into 3.

I recall as a kid, me and my friend were walking and a saw 25 est crows(now like 2€, quite a lot of candymoney back than) flying in the air. I happened grab that. So we started arguing. I was like "hei, dickhead, if you didnt have me you wouldnt have even seen it". And he was "hei dumbass, without me you wouldnt even have been walking here". So I quess we decided to split it. Was it fair? I dunno. Its relative. Same with the hikers. What ifs count.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Sir_Hans on October 18, 2015, 10:07:06 pm
As if you couldn't come up with hypothetical situations where it would be fair in our times. That is not the point at all.

Fairness is symmetry. Fairness is equal division of the cake (in this instance). Fairness is everyone getting their due. It's equal treatment. This is what fairness refers to, it isn't a social construct and it isn't dependent on culture.

If Dennis, Bob and John bake the cake, and Dennis is royalty and thus gets 2/3 of the cake, it isn't because their understanding of fairness is different. Do you really think that the peasant slaving at the fields for his life thinks it's fair that he has to pay half of what he makes as tax to the king? Here I thought it was a common trope for people to bitch about taxes, and nobility getting more than the peasants even though they do nothing but sit on their lazy asses. I don't think I've ever before heard anyone postulate that people think it's fair others get more than they do, while doing less.

Fairness is not symmetry and it's not equal division. That is completely incorrect. Think about a large company which employs many people, is everyone getting paid the same? Does everyone in the company think it's unfair because the janitor isn't making the same amount as the CEO? Of course not!
Now let's turn to the dictionary to come with a standard definition of fairness that we can all use.

noun
1.
the state, condition, or quality of being fair, or free from bias or injustice; evenhandedness:
I have to admit, in all fairness, that she would only be paid for part of the work.
2.
the quality of being light of hair or complexion:
She was proud of the fairness of her skin, and never went out without a parasol and gloves.


So it is perfectly reasonable that a peasant who toils the fields for his life only to give half of each harvest to the king might think that his situation is fair. For he does not own the land he works on, the land belongs to the king and in return for the king allowing him to live and work the lands he gives half of each harvest to the king. It's almost like a transaction and I think we can all agree that what is considered a fair transaction is not an innate fact like symmetry or equal proportions of a cake.

One person might think that 5$ is a fair price for an apple pie, while another person might argue that the same pie should cost no more than 4$.
Fairness is completely subjective, unlike symmetry and equal proportions which is objective. Fairness doesn't exist in a mathematical world, it exists in the real tangible world where people are not equal in all aspects.

If three bakers bake a cake together there are many reasons why the cake would be divided up unequally yet all three bakers would still think that they are getting their fair share. Maybe one of the bakers is Emeril Lagasse and the other two people helping him with his cake are interns/apprentices. Undoubtedly if Emeril wanted to take half the cake his apprentices wouldn't bat an eye because they didn't bake the cake to get equal proportions but rather to learn how to bake a cake professionally. If you want to assume that all 3 bakers are equal in all aspects then the bakers no longer are human you might as well just argue that the bakers are actually just a number... 3 bakers = 3... each 1/3rd which makes up the number 3 is equal in all aspects therefor if the number 3 bakes a 1 (cake) then what proportions should each of the 3 get?... basically saying divide 1 by 3 = 1/3rd.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on October 18, 2015, 10:15:33 pm
Thats just a single "what if", where a "fair" division in all sense can be possible and determined. And even that "what if" can spread to multiple "what ifs". Generally fair is still relative when dealing with interaction with people. Cause each person puts his own price tag on everything. A moment where "fair" is not relative for a second, is a mere covincidence. Nothing else. Like 3 hikers coming across a treasurechest that can somehow easly be devided into 3.

I recall as a kid, me and my friend were walking and a saw 25 est crows(now like 2€, quite a lot of candymoney back than) flying in the air. I happened grab that. So we started arguing. I was like "hei, dickhead, if you didnt have me you wouldnt have even seen it". And he was "hei dumbass, without me you wouldnt even have been walking here". So I quess we decided to split it. Was it fair? I dunno. Its relative. Same with the hikers. What ifs count.
Yes, it's a single scenario, so of course it's a single what if. If there is even a single instance that works outside a particular time, then that means fairness refers to something other than a social construct. Contrary to the popular saying, an exception does not prove the rule. In real life it's often more difficult to determine what is fair, yes, but that is neither here nor there. It's like saying 2+2 isn't objectively true because 38431+219832 is harder to calculate.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Jambi on October 18, 2015, 10:16:19 pm
Hello  :P
Whatcha guys talking about?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Kalam on October 18, 2015, 10:18:27 pm
Fairness is different from right and wrong and universal morals.

Yes.

So...what's your question?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on October 18, 2015, 10:20:23 pm
Yes.

So...what's your question?
What question?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Kalam on October 18, 2015, 10:29:09 pm
What question?

What are you discussing in this thread? Is it a statement or a question?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on October 18, 2015, 10:32:30 pm
What are you discussing in this thread? Is it a statement or a question?
Currently, I'm discussing fairness.
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Tibe on October 18, 2015, 10:38:23 pm
Yes, it's a single scenario, so of course it's a single what if. If there is even a single instance that works outside a particular time, then that means fairness refers to something other than a social construct. Contrary to the popular saying, an exception does not prove the rule. In real life it's often more difficult to determine what is fair, yes, but that is neither here nor there. It's like saying 2+2 isn't objectively true because 38431+219832 is harder to calculate.

My overall point was that when dealing with other humans, fairness generally always refers to a social construct. What it is, is always defined by the society, laws and events. Just because there are occasions where it could be defined the same nomatter what society or laws, does not change that fact.

Look, it was fun and all, but lets agree to disagree here shall we. :lol:
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Jambi on October 18, 2015, 10:45:58 pm
I dont care about you.. so to say.
Your oppinion is worthless to me.
I am sure you have no real evidence of the meaning of life.
You have no real clue, no better proof about what life is about, you have no real special insight.
I am absolutely positive you have no clue wich morals are right and wrong.
You just doing your best, like the rest. but still having no clue, about what is going on here.
Where you put your recources is irrelevent, you are lost, just as I am lost.
I don't care about what you think is right, because I cannot judge you without imposing my own conceived sense of things.
I don't believe in myself enough to judge as to your right or wrongness. We are in the same boat, dont take what I say,  who I perceive I am, as a testament to me.
I don't care about you, because I don't want to judge you, don't want to clash with my ideals of my notion of right and wrong.







Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Xant on October 18, 2015, 10:46:24 pm
My overall point was that when dealing with other humans, fairness generally always refers to a social construct. What it is, is always defined by the society, laws and events. Just because there are occasions where it could be defined the same nomatter what society or laws, does not change that fact.

Look, it was fun and all, but lets agree to disagree here shall we. :lol:
How does what you said in any way support the notion that fairness "generally always" refers to a social construct?

And why should I agree to disagree?
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: WarLord on October 18, 2015, 11:00:04 pm
(click to show/hide)
  :mrgreen:
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Jambi on October 18, 2015, 11:08:39 pm
"Fairness" is an invention the plebs and proles came up with, in order to bitch and whine about their miserable failing lives and blaming people like me for it.

Elites like me, we don't use the word "fairness". When something needs to be shared or split... we come to an "agreement".
Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Tibe on October 18, 2015, 11:23:00 pm
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Title: Re: Moral epistemology and moral ontology
Post by: Jambi on October 18, 2015, 11:25:11 pm
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Deal with it!