Ok, I understand your first thoughts at me posting, and I will quell them straight away by not making a final verdict but merely stating the way I see things as an impartial body as opposed to a clan member.
A single screenshot that is highly ambiguous isn't enough to warrant a ban, even with your account of things. As much as there are people out there that we have had very little evidence, but we know it's something that they would do, it's not substantial enough to prosecute. Think of it like the police, someone might have committed a murder, but without enough evidence to back that up, they can't do anything but make the guys life a misery.
That brings me to the next the point, I'll make HarDraaDa's life a misery for a little while, because I'm sure my clanmates know that I come down harder on internal rule breaks than randomers. (Randomers meaning everyone not within the Guild).
I'll leave this open for someone more impartial to give the final verdict, but that's my case put forward. It's a pretty shut and close case but in the interests of the community, I'll leave it.